It lies perpendicular to the Chamonix valley and falls within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

From its source to the valley of Chamonix, the Argentière Glacier is nine kilometers long. Like many glaciers in the region, the Argentière has receded significantly. Between 1870 and 1967, the glacier shrunk 1000 meters. In recent years, it has receded to a position atop a steep slope.

The glacier's rapid retreat has been linked to a continuous negative mass balance. A five-year study started in 2004 showed that the glacier had lost an average of 1.5 m between 2004 and 2009, and that there was a 10–11 m loss in average ice thickness from the glacier.

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